Coke-oven



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COKE OVEN. l No. 568,075. Patented Sept. 22, 1896i @hay H1 TH: Nonmsnarcis co., comun-1a. msnwsroN, u4 c,

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' COKE OVEN.

Yl\o.l568,075. Patented Sept. 22, 1896.

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' P.. L. SLOGUM COKE OVEN.

10.568.075 'Patented sepnzz, 1896.,

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FRANK L. SLOCUM, OF IITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

COKE-OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 568,075, datedSeptember 22, 1896. Application led May 23, 1895. Serial No. 550,337.(No model.)

To (all whom, t may cm1/cern:

Be it known that I, FRANK L. SLOC'UM, a resident of Pittsburg, in thecounty of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania', have invented a new anduseful Improvement in Coke-Ovens and I do hereby declare the followingto be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to ovens for coking coal, and more especially tothat class of coking-ovens having long horizontal coking or distillingchambers with heating-fines in the side walls, the object of the presentinvention being to provide suitable ovens of this class so arranged thatthey may be heated by gas formed in separate generators, and all the gasobtained from the distilling of the coal in forming coke may be storedfor illuminating or heating purposes, and, further, to provide for thehigh heating of the air einployed to support combustion both in4 theseparate gas generator or producer and wi thin the coke-ovensthemselves.

In my improved coke-oven the entire space extending under the longhorizontal cokingchamber, and under the side walls containing theheating-fines around the same, is utilized for the heating of theincoming air by means of horizontal return-lines, the construction ofwhich will be hereinafter described. The gas generator or producer islocated outside of the bank of ovens and communicates with a transversegas-flue, from which ports or iiues lead to the combustionchainbers oftwo or more of the coking-ovens, so that a single gas-prod ucer maybeutilized for supplying gas for heating several ovens, and in the case ofa long continuous bank of ovens requiring two or more gas-producers forheating the same, by means of this transverse gas-flue, gas may besupplied continuously to all of the ovens, so that the heat may bemaintained in the same, even if it isnecessary to cut off one of theproducers for cleaning or for other reasons.` The invention alsocomprises certain other improvements, all of 4which will be hereinafterdescribed and claimed.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I willdescribe the same more fully, referring-io the accompany ing drawings,in which- Figurel is a longitudinal section on the line l l, Fig. 3.Fig. 2 is a like section on the line 2 2, Fig. Fig. 3 'is a front viewof one oven and a vertical cross-section of another oven on the line 33, Fig. l, and a vertical cross-section of another oven on the line 6 6,Fig. l, the latter cross-section to the right of the gure. Fig. 4 is ahorizontal sect-ion on the line 4 4, Fig. l; and Fig. 5 is a horizontalsection on line 5 5, Fig. l.

Like letters and figures of reference indicate like parts in each of thefigures.

The several coke-ovens forming the bank of ovens are divided by thewalls A A, which in the lower parts of the ovens are formed of ordinarybrickwork, as at a, but in the upper part of the ovens, where thecoking-chambers b are located, are formed of the pierwalls c, onwhich-rest the arches d, which support the brickwork between the sameand the iioor d.

In the lower part ofthe structure between the walls a are the Waste-gasiiues and the air-heating iiues, which will be hereinafter described,extending over which, between the walls a, are the arches a', andsupported on the brickwork a2 resting on said arches are the walls d,which form `the central bottom combustion-flue e, leaving the spaces c2on each side thereof, which are no t utilized for any special purpose.Resting on these walls c' and the walls a is the structure forming theccking-chambers l) and the side heatingiiues l 2 3, special forms offire-brick blocks for forming the saine being employed, such asdescribed in an application for patent filed by me on May 23, 1895,Serial No. 550,336, the construction of which does not require specialdescription herein further than the description of the arrangement ofthe flues and connections with each other. The main combustion-flue cextends to the rear of the oven and has the side flues f, which leadback of the spaces e2 and to the same vertical plane as the flues l 2 3,and thence rise past the iiues 2 and 3 and communicate with the rearends of lines l. Each of these ues eX- tends to the front of the oven,as shown in Fig. 2,- and thence by a downtake communicates with the fine3, which Vextends to the front of the oven and communicates with thedowntake 4, the two downtakes 4 extending IOO in front of the spaces e2close to the front end wall g and lead down to the horizontal flues h7L", hereinafter described in connection with the air-heating andwaste-product flues.

Located in front of the bank of ovens is the gas-flue Zt, which extendstransversely of the bank of ovens and from which project the flues Zt'on the same vertical planes as the combustion-fine e, which lead firsthorizontally into the bank of ovens and then upwardly through the baseof each combustionilue e, near the forward end thereof, so providing thesupply of gas to such fines, the flues Zo being controlled by suitablevalves 7a2, which provide for the opening and closing of the same andwhich are preferably slidevalves. Communicating with this transverseflue 7c is the gas-producer i, which producer is located under theworking floor I, so that if coke is to be used for fuel it maybeintroduced directly into the same through the feeding-port t", or coalmay be fed lthereto for like purposes. These producers are preferablymade large enough to supply several of the coking-ovens with thenecessary heatinggas, and they communicate with the gas-Hue 7c by theside ports i2, so that the gas is first introduced into that ue anddistributed from the producer to the several combustion-fines 0f theseveral ovens, such construction having also, the further advantage thatin a bank requiring two or more producers the flow of gas may be socontrolled that one of the producers can be cut out at any time by itsvalve 7a3, such as for clinkering or repairing.v and the gas from theother producers carried to the different ovens, so that they also may beoperated continuously.

lVhile the construction of the waste-product and heating` fineshereinafter described can of course be employed Where a separategas-producer is employed with each oven, I iind the above constructionmuch preferable and more economical. The gas-producers have the gratesi3 and ash-pits t4.

I will now proceed to describe the system of air-heating andwaste-product flues, so as to show how the waste gases are utilized forthe heating of both the primary air for maintaining combustion in theproducer and the secondary air for maintaining combustion around thecoking-chamber. The air-heating and waste-product fl ues are built, asabove stated, between the walls a, and the space utilized is practicallythe full width and length of the oven, so that they might be termedfull-width and full-depth ovens. To feed air to the iiues, thetransversely-extending air-pipe Zs employed, which extends along thebottom of the bank, and to which air is fed under pressure, branch pipesZ leading from the same into the primary airheating flue m, whichextends at the bottom of the air-heating system to the rear end of thesame and to the rear end wall g/ and communicates therewith and with alike flue m', which extends parallel with the iiue m to the front wallg, the iiues m and m being separated by a division-wall, and these iiuesoccupying the full space between the walls a. Leading from the iiue mthrough the front wall g is the iiue m2, which communicates with theproducer below the grate-bars, and so feeds the heated air to theproducer. Above the waste-product iues tt, hereinafter referred to, arethe air-heating flues n n', the branch pipe Z2 leading from the air-pipeZ into the iiue n', which extends to the rear of the oven and thencommunicates with the iiue n', which extends parallel therewith to thefront wall g and communicates with the uptake-flue n2, which leads up tothe airheating flue p, said flue leading to the rear of the oven andcommunicating with the iiue p', which is on the same horizontal planeand extends forward parallel therewith, though not for the full length,the flue p terminating in front of the brickwork Zt1,inclosing thegas-entrance flue Zt', and there communieating with the inclined uptakep2, which leads into the central air-heatin g flue r. Said central flueleads longitudinally toward the rear of the oven and communicates by anuptake-passage r2 with the central airheat ing iiue r, which extendsforward directly above the flue r to the brickwork 7a4, inclosing thegas-entrance Zt', and thence communicates with the air-entrance port r3,which opens into the combustion-flue e below the coking-chamber Z).

The waste-product i'lues are arranged to heat the said severalair-heating flues as they carry the waste products to the stack orsewer, and I will now describe them. The downtake-flues at lead from thelower combustionflues 3 in the side walls of the coking-chamber on eachside of and past the combustionflue e and through the arches e untilbrought into line with the central air-heating flues r r', that is, oneach side of the brickwork 7a4, inclosing the gas entrance k. They thencommunicate with the flues h Zt', one on each side of the centralair-heating flues r fr, which flues Zt 7L' extend back to the rear wallg on each side of the air-heating flues fr' r', where these flues areunited by a cross-flue h2, extending between the flues r fr and the rearwall g', the waste products being carried to one side and entering thedowntake-flue h3, which leads past the rear end of the air-heating fluep' and into the waste -product iiue s, which extends longitudinally to apoint near the forward end of the oven and thence communicates with theflue s', parallel with and on the same horizontal plane as the flue sand extends to the rear wall g, where it communicates with thedowntake-flue s2, the wasteproduct flues s s' thus extending between theair-heating flues 'It fn and p p', and the forward ends terminating backof the uptake n2. The downtake-iiue s2 communicates with the flue t,which extends longitudinally forward to the front wall g'and therecommunicates with the flue t on the same horizontal plane,

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which leads back through the rear wall g and A iiues into the sidewalls, while the necessary locations for the combustion-fines below andin the side walls of the coke-oven are maintained, and the air isintroduced upwardly into the combustion-flue. The two bodies of wasteproducts leading from the two sets of heating-iiues are carriedin propercourse for heating the air in the central air-heating flues fr r and arenally united and carried in proper course for heating the air in theiiues below the same. To properly brace the walls of the centralair-heating flues r r', it will be noticed that on each side of theair-heating flues brace blocks h4 extend at intervals across the iiues7L h and between the divisionwalls r4 and the walls a, suchbrace-blocks, however, interfering in no way with the flow of the wasteproducts through said dues 7L h.

To regulate the direction of the gases from the combustion-flue e intothe flues f, on one or the other side of the ovens, I place in thecombustion-nue e, at the rear end thereof and extending somewhat infront of the ues f, the movable deflectingtile j, which can be swung toone side or theother so as to properly divide the flow of the heatedproducts and direct them into the side iiues, a port j giving access tothe combustion-flue for such purpose, the port j being closed byasuitable plug. The oven has the usual feeding-ports u, which may beclosed and sealed after the coal is fed to the coking-chamber, and hasalso the gas-eduction port u, through which the gas passes to the waterseal and thence to the washing apparatus and storage-tank, and it hasany suitable form of doors for closing the ends of the coking-chamber.

Vhen the coking-oven is in use, the coal is fed through thefeeding-ports a, which are then properly sealed, and the gas generatedfrom the coal or coke in the producer il passes into the transversegas-flue 7c and is then fed to the different ovens, the gas enteringthrough the gas-port it" into the combustion-chamber e. Air under blastis fed from the air-pipel through the primary air-heating fines m m tothe producert' under the grate-bars, and air is fed through the branchpipe Z2 into the secondary air-heating system, passing through the iiuesn n', and thence by the uptake n2 to the flues p p', and thence by theinclined uptake p2 to the flues r r', and to the entranceport r3,communicating with the combustionchamber. The iiame and heated productsfrom the combustion of the gas pass along the combustion-chamber e,below the cokingchamber b, and thence are directed into the twouptake-fines f and into the upper flues Z of the side heatingilues, andthence passing through the iiues Zand 3 into the downtakefines 4, thehigh heat so generated passing through the walls surrounding thecokingchamber and acting upon the coal within the same to distil off thegases therefrom, which gases pass through the outlet-port u to the waterseal, and thence to the washing apparatus and storage-tank. If it isfound desirable, by means of suitable branch gas iiues or pipes gas andheated air may be introduced into the side combustion-dues to maintainthe necessary high heat therein; but this is not generally considerednecessary. The waste products pass through the two downtake-fiues L intothe fines 71, h', and thence travel back th rough said tlues and on eachside of the central air-heating ilues fr r', the heated products in theiue t/ passing through the rear cross-flue h2 and uniting with theheated products in the iiue h, passing down into the iiue s, forwardalong the same, and thence backin the flue s', between the air-heatingfines n and p p', thence passing down into the iiue t to the forward endof the oven, and thence back along the flue t', between the airheatingiiues 'm m and n n', and thence to the sewer. The heat from the wasteproducts is radiated through the walls dividing these iiues from theair-heating dues, and the larger portion of the heat of the same is thusabsorbed therefrom, so that a large portion of the heat is carried bythe incoming air either into the producer to assist in forming theproducer or generator gas therein or into the main combustion-due e toassist in the combustion of the gases.

It is found that by such construction, and by utilizing the spacedirectly under each oven for heating the incoming air for supportingcombustion therein, great economy of space and compactness of structureare obtained, as well as economy of fuel in the coking of the coal. I amalso enabled to utilize common producergas for coking the coal, insteadof requiring the use of gas distilled from the coal, and I can thereforestore all the gases obtained for fuel or illuminating purposes.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. A bank of coke-ovens having longitudinally-extending coking-chambers,combustion and heating flues in the bottom and side walls thereof, and aseries of longitudinally-extending waste-product flues and airheatingfines alternating with each other and filling the space under thecoke-oven, a gas-producer communicating with the combustion-flue of thecoke-oven, the bottom airheating flues of said series leading to thegas-producer, and the other air-heating flues passing between thewaste-product fiues and opening into the combustion-flue under thecoking-chamber, substantially as set forth.

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2. A Coke-oven having a longitudinallyextending eoking-ehainber,longitudinallyextending combustion and heating iiues in the bottom andside walls thereof, and a series of longitudinally extendingWasteproduot iiues and air-heating fines iilling the space under thecoke-oven, the waste-product fines having return-fines on the samehorizontal plane, and downtake-flues at one end of the oven passing theair-heating flues in their downward Course to the stack, and theair-heating fines between the waste-product fines having return-flues onthe Same horizontal plane and uptake-fines passing the waste-productflues at the other end of the oven, substantially as set forth.

A Coke-oven having a longitudinallyextending eoking-ohainber,longitudinallyextending combustion and heating iiues in the bottom andside walls thereof, and having a system of waste-product fines andair-heating flues in the space below the Coke-ovens, said air-heatingflues being formed as returniues side by side in the lower part of thesystem, and thence Communicating with a longitudinal air-heating fluecentrally of the space, and having Waste-product flues extendinglongitudinally on each side thereof, substantially as set forth.

4. A Coke-oven having a longitudinallyextending coking-ohamber andcombustion and heating nues in the bottoni and side walls thereof, andhaving the return air-heating lines n, nl on one horizontal plane, thereturn air-h eating lines p, pl on another horizontal plane, the centralair-heating flues i", i" on the same vertical plane above the fines p,p' and having Waste-product fines h, h at the sides of the air-heating`lines r, fr', the return waste-product flues s, s between the iiues fn,n and p, p and the return wasteproduet flues t, t below the iiues n, n',all said flues extending longitudinally of the oven, substantially asset forth.

5. A coke-oven having a longitudinallyextending coking-ehaniber, asingle combustion-flue under the same, heating-fines in both side wallswith which said bottom oombustion-i'lue communicates, and a movabledefleeting-tile at the rear end of the bottom flue extending beyond theports leading to the heating-nues in the side walls, substantially asset forth.

In testimony whereof l, the said FRANK L. SLOCUM, have hereunto Set myhand.

FRANK L. SLOGUM. lVitn esses:

J AMES I. KAY, ROBERT C. TOTTEN.

